Longest Bones in the Human Body - Know The Pillars of Human Body
by Maivizhi A
Updated Jul 13, 2023
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Longest Bones in the Human Body
The human body is a fascinating and intricate machine, composed of various systems working in harmony. Within this complex framework, bones form the foundation, providing structural support and protection. Among the numerous bones that make up our skeletal system, there are a few standout contenders known as the longest bones in the human body.
1.
Femur (thighbone)
19.9
2.
Tibia (shinbone)
16.9
3.
Fibula (lower leg)
15.9
4.
Humerus (upper arm)
14.4
5.
Ulna (inner lower arm)
11.1
6.
Radius (outer lower arm)
10.4
7.
7th rib
9.5
8.
8th rib
9.1
9.
Innominate bone (hipbone)
7.3
10.
Sternum (breastbone)
6.7
S.No
Bone
Avg. Inches
These remarkable bones play a crucial role in our mobility and physical endurance, allowing us to perform a wide range of movements and activities. As the largest bones in our bodies, they possess exceptional strength and durability. Their elongated shape enables them to bear significant loads and resist the forces exerted upon them during daily activities, such as walking, running, and lifting.
The human body consists of several long bones, but there are two main contenders for the title of the longest bones. These mighty bones are located in our upper and lower extremities, shaping the overall structure and proportionality of our bodies. While each bone possesses distinct characteristics and fulfills different functions, they share a common purpose in providing support and enabling motion.
Top 10 Longest Bones in the Human Body
Understanding the unique features and functions of the longest bones in the human body can deepen our appreciation for the remarkable design of the skeletal system. In the following sections, we will explore these magnificent bones in greater detail, uncovering their remarkable attributes and uncovering the pivotal roles they play in our daily lives.
1. Femur (thighbone) [19.9]
The femur, commonly known as the thighbone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip joint to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting body weight and facilitating movement. The average length of the femur in adults is around 19.9 inches (50.5 centimeters).
The femur consists of a head, neck, shaft, and two prominent bony processes called trochanters. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis, forming the hip joint. The neck connects the head to the shaft, which is a long, cylindrical portion of the bone. The trochanters serve as attachment sites for various muscles, enabling movement and stability.
The femur is a weight-bearing bone, designed to withstand significant stress and load. Its structure is characterized by a dense outer layer of compact bone and a spongy inner region, which contributes to its strength and resilience. The shape and length of the femur vary among individuals, but its essential function remains consistent as a crucial component of the skeletal system.
2. Tibia (shinbone) [16.9]
The tibia, commonly referred to as the shinbone, is the second longest bone in the human body, located in the lower leg. It runs parallel to the fibula and connects the knee joint to the ankle joint, providing support and facilitating movement. On average, the length of the tibia in adults measures about 16.9 inches (42.9 centimeters).
The tibia consists of a shaft and two expanded ends, known as the proximal and distal epiphyses. The proximal epiphysis articulates with the femur, forming the knee joint, while the distal epiphysis connects to the ankle joint. The tibia plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, transmitting forces from the femur to the foot during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.
This bone is characterized by its robust structure, composed of compact bone on the outer surface and spongy bone in the inner region. It possesses strength and resilience to withstand the forces exerted upon it. The tibia also serves as a site for muscle attachment, contributing to the stability and movement of the leg.
3. Fibula (lower leg) [15.9]
The fibula, also known as the calf bone, is the slender and smaller of the two bones in the lower leg. It runs parallel to the tibia and provides support and stability, although it does not bear as much weight as the tibia. The average length of the fibula in adults measures about 15.9 inches (40.4 centimeters).
The fibula consists of a shaft and two ends called the proximal and distal epiphyses. The proximal epiphysis articulates with the tibia, contributing to the stability of the lower leg. The distal epiphysis is non-weight-bearing and forms the lateral malleolus, a bony prominence on the outer side of the ankle joint.
While the fibula is not primarily involved in weight-bearing, it plays a vital role in muscle attachment and stabilization of the leg and ankle. It acts as a support for muscles and ligaments, aiding in movements such as plantar flexion and eversion. The fibula's structure comprises compact bone on the outer surface and spongy bone in the inner region, providing strength and flexibility to the bone.
4. Humerus (upper arm) [14.4]
The humerus, the longest bone in the upper arm, is a vital component of the skeletal system. Measuring approximately 14.4 inches in length, this bone extends from the shoulder to the elbow. The humerus plays a crucial role in facilitating movement and providing structural support to the upper limb. It articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint and the radius and ulna at the elbow joint.
Composed of a strong and dense outer layer called cortical bone, and a spongy inner layer known as trabecular bone, the humerus exhibits remarkable strength and flexibility. It accommodates the attachment of numerous muscles that enable various movements of the arm, including flexion, extension, rotation, and adduction. Additionally, the humerus houses the nutrient foramina, which allow blood vessels and nerves to enter and nourish the bone.
Fractures of the humerus can occur due to trauma or repetitive stress, and their treatment may involve immobilization, casting, or surgical intervention depending on the severity of the injury. Understanding the anatomy and function of the humerus is crucial for healthcare professionals, as it helps in diagnosing and managing upper limb injuries effectively.
5. Ulna (inner lower arm) [11.1]
The ulna, one of the two bones in the forearm, is the longer of the two and extends along the inner side of the arm. With a length of approximately 11.1 inches, the ulna runs from the elbow to the wrist, parallel to the radius. It plays a pivotal role in forearm rotation and provides stability to the arm.
The ulna consists of a thin and elongated shaft that gradually widens at both ends. The upper end of the ulna, called the olecranon process, forms the prominent bony projection of the elbow. This structure acts as a lever during extension of the forearm and serves as a point of attachment for ligaments and muscles. The lower end of the ulna articulates with the radius and wrist bones, contributing to the stability and movement of the forearm.
Fractures of the ulna commonly occur due to direct impact or excessive twisting forces, resulting in pain, swelling, and deformity. Depending on the location and severity of the fracture, treatment may involve casting, immobilization, or surgical intervention to realign and stabilize the bone.
6. Radius (outer lower arm) [10.4]
The radius, the shorter of the two bones in the forearm, spans approximately 10.4 inches and is situated on the outer side of the arm. It runs parallel to the ulna and plays a critical role in forearm rotation, allowing the hand to turn palm up or palm down.
The radius consists of a long, slender shaft that widens at both ends. The upper end of the radius forms a bony prominence called the radial head, which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus. This joint, known as the elbow joint, permits flexion and extension of the forearm. The lower end of the radius connects with the bones of the wrist, contributing to their movement and stability.
Fractures of the radius are common and can occur due to falls, sports injuries, or trauma. These fractures may be accompanied by dislocations or other injuries to the surrounding structures. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and location of the fracture but often involve immobilization, casting, or surgical intervention to realign the bone and promote healing.
Understanding the structure and function of the radius is essential in diagnosing and managing forearm injuries effectively.
7. 7th rib [9.5]
The 7th rib, also known as the seventh costal bone, is one of the longest ribs in the human body. It is located on the thoracic cage, extending from the spine to the sternum. With an average length of 9.5 inches, it plays a crucial role in protecting the vital organs within the chest cavity.
The 7th rib is slightly curved and attached to the spine at its posterior end. It then sweeps forward and downward, gradually becoming less prominent as it approaches the sternum. This rib is connected to the sternum by costal cartilage, providing flexibility and allowing for movements during respiration.
This long bone serves as an important attachment site for various muscles, such as the external and internal intercostal muscles, which aid in rib movements during breathing. Additionally, it contributes to the overall structure and stability of the thoracic cage.
Injuries to the 7th rib, such as fractures or dislocations, can be painful and potentially affect lung function. However, with proper medical care and rehabilitation, these injuries can heal effectively, restoring normal functionality.
8. 8th rib [9.1]
The 8th rib, also known as the eighth costal bone, is another of the elongated ribs found in the human body. It is located in the thoracic region, connecting the spine to the sternum. With an average length of 9.1 inches, it provides essential protection for the internal organs housed within the chest cavity.
Similar to the other ribs, the 8th rib possesses a gentle curvature. It originates from the spine, curving downwards and forwards until it reaches the sternum. The connection to the sternum is facilitated by costal cartilage, allowing for flexibility and slight movement during respiration.
The 8th rib serves as an attachment point for various muscles, including the external and internal intercostal muscles, which assist in rib movement during breathing. Furthermore, it contributes to the overall structural integrity of the thoracic cage.
Injuries to the 8th rib, such as fractures or dislocations, can be painful and may impact lung function. However, proper medical treatment and adequate rest can aid in the healing process and restore normal functionality.
9. Innominate bone (hipbone) [7.3]
The innominate bone, commonly known as the hipbone or os coxae, is one of the longest and largest bones in the human body. It forms part of the pelvis, along with the sacrum and coccyx. Each hipbone is composed of three fused bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
With an average length of 7.3 inches, the innominate bone plays a crucial role in providing support and stability to the body. It serves as an attachment site for several muscles, including those involved in lower limb movement and posture.
The ilium, the largest component of the innominate bone, forms the upper and widest portion of the pelvis. The ischium, situated at the posterior and lower part of the hipbone, bears weight when sitting. The pubis, located at the anterior and lower part, contributes to the formation of the pubic symphysis, a joint between the two hipbones.
Injuries to the hipbone, such as fractures or dislocations, can significantly impact mobility and require immediate medical attention. Surgical intervention may be necessary to restore function and stability.
10. Sternum (breastbone) [6.7]
The sternum, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat and elongated bone located in the center of the chest. It is one of the longest bones in the human body, with an average length of 6.7 inches.
The sternum consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The manubrium is the broadest and uppermost segment, articulating with the clavicles and the first rib. The body of the sternum forms the midsection and is connected to several ribs through costal cartilage. The xiphoid process, the smallest and lowest part, is flexible and made of cartilage.
The sternum serves as a vital attachment point for various muscles and structures, including the ribs and clavicles. It protects important organs within the chest, such as the heart and lungs.
Injuries to the sternum can occur due to trauma or accidents, causing significant pain and discomfort. Fractures of the sternum require proper medical care and often necessitate a period of rest and healing. Rehabilitation exercises may be recommended to restore strength and flexibility in the affected area.
Which is the Longest Bone in the Human Body?
The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the longest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee and plays a crucial role in bearing weight and maintaining stability during walking and other movements. With an average length of 19.9 inches, the femur is the strongest, heaviest, and longest bone in the body.
Its incredible strength allows it to resist forces ranging from 1,800 to 2,500 pounds. Numerous ligaments and muscles attach to the femur, serving as their origin point. Additionally, the femur contributes to supporting an upright posture and facilitates activities such as walking, running, and other forms of movement.
The femur's durability is comparable to concrete, making it highly resistant to fractures. However, common accidents that can cause femur fractures often involve car crashes, which exert significant force on the bone.
Beyond its structural role, the femur contains both red and yellow marrow. These types of marrow are responsible for producing bone marrow stem cells and other substances necessary for the production of red blood cells. Red blood cells play a crucial role in transporting oxygen throughout the entire body, highlighting the femur's contribution to overall physiological functioning.
Longest Bones in Human
The longest bones in the human body, such as the femur, tibia, and fibula in the lower extremities, and the humerus, ulna, and radius in the upper extremities, play a crucial role in supporting our body weight, facilitating movement, and providing structural stability.
These remarkable bones possess exceptional strength and durability, allowing us to engage in various physical activities. Additionally, the 7th and 8th ribs, innominate bone, and sternum contribute to the protection of vital organs and overall structural integrity. Understanding the unique features and functions of these longest bones enhances our appreciation for the intricacies and remarkable design of the human skeletal system.
Longest Bones in the Human Body - FAQs
The femur, or thighbone, supports body weight and facilitates movement, allowing us to walk, run, and perform various activities.
The tibia, or shinbone, connects the knee joint to the ankle joint, providing support and transmitting forces during activities like walking, running, and jumping.
The fibula, or calf bone, provides support and stability to the lower leg, although it doesn't bear as much weight as the tibia. It aids in muscle attachment and leg stabilization.
The humerus, located in the upper arm, allows for various arm movements, including flexion, extension, rotation, and adduction. It accommodates muscle attachment and facilitates joint articulation.
The ulna, one of the bones in the forearm, aids in forearm rotation and provides stability to the arm. It also serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles.